WEBVTT Kind: captions Language: en 00:00:00.320 --> 00:00:02.160 Hi, welcome to the Hawaiian Islands 00:00:02.160 --> 00:00:04.320 Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary. 00:00:04.320 --> 00:00:08.160 I want to thank the Waikiki Aquarium for  giving us this opportunity to present 00:00:08.160 --> 00:00:10.240 some of our programming to you. 00:00:10.240 --> 00:00:13.920 Today we're going to  talk about humpback whales 101, 00:00:13.920 --> 00:00:16.320 we're going to look at the biology of the whales 00:00:16.320 --> 00:00:18.240 and also give you an opportunity to learn 00:00:18.240 --> 00:00:20.320 how to draw one to scale. 00:00:20.320 --> 00:00:23.840 So let's take a minute and I want  you to go get a piece of paper, 00:00:23.840 --> 00:00:27.520 any kind of paper is fine  like this, a pencil, a pen, 00:00:27.520 --> 00:00:31.840 a crayon, anything so that you  can join me in this activity. 00:00:32.560 --> 00:00:35.360 Now we are located actually here on Maui. 00:00:36.400 --> 00:00:39.280 Maui is where the whales  come during the winter time, 00:00:39.280 --> 00:00:41.760 they come down here to frolic and play, 00:00:41.760 --> 00:00:43.600 they give birth down here, 00:00:43.600 --> 00:00:45.040 when the babies get big enough 00:00:45.040 --> 00:00:47.680 the mom's swimming them back up to Alaska 00:00:47.680 --> 00:00:50.480 and they spend the next about four months 00:00:50.480 --> 00:00:52.640 just up there eating and they eat and they eat, 00:00:52.640 --> 00:00:55.840 they eat and then turn around  and swim back down here again. 00:00:55.840 --> 00:00:59.360 Can you imagine being down here in  Hawaii all that time and not eating? 00:01:00.320 --> 00:01:02.400 Well it's a story of the humpback whale, 00:01:02.400 --> 00:01:04.160 but today like I said we're going to learn 00:01:04.160 --> 00:01:06.640 how to draw these, as we talk about it. 00:01:06.640 --> 00:01:08.560 So I want you to take your piece of paper 00:01:08.560 --> 00:01:11.840 hold it like this and then I want you to 00:01:11.840 --> 00:01:13.920 kids know this is the hot dog fold, 00:01:13.920 --> 00:01:17.280 I want you to fold it in a third of the way in 00:01:17.280 --> 00:01:18.640 and then a third of the way in 00:01:19.200 --> 00:01:22.160 and then crease it down those sides 00:01:22.160 --> 00:01:27.440 so that you have split your paper  into thirds not fourths but thirds. 00:01:27.440 --> 00:01:30.960 So I've got three equal sections to my paper. 00:01:31.520 --> 00:01:33.360 One more time, you're going to fold it 00:01:33.360 --> 00:01:35.200 in a third of the way on this side, 00:01:35.200 --> 00:01:36.560 a third of a way this way, 00:01:36.560 --> 00:01:38.400 you kind of estimate where that is, 00:01:38.400 --> 00:01:41.200 when they seem to line up you crease it down. 00:01:41.920 --> 00:01:44.080 Okay now I have up here, 00:01:44.080 --> 00:01:46.640 I'm using a chart over here to draw, 00:01:46.640 --> 00:01:48.880 this is the representation of my paper, 00:01:48.880 --> 00:01:53.840 I want you to notice that on  the chart here it says 45 feet long, 00:01:54.400 --> 00:01:57.760 so our actual whale is the adult whale 00:01:57.760 --> 00:02:00.720 is an average of about 45 feet long. 00:02:01.360 --> 00:02:03.360 Think about how you might draw this thing 00:02:03.360 --> 00:02:06.000 and what all the parts are on this guy. 00:02:06.000 --> 00:02:10.080 Okay on our paper we have three equal sections, 00:02:10.640 --> 00:02:14.720 on these sections each section equals 15 feet. 00:02:14.720 --> 00:02:19.600 So if you divide 45 by 3 you get 15. 00:02:19.600 --> 00:02:24.880 So I want you here to think  about the basic shape of the body 00:02:24.880 --> 00:02:26.320 and the shape of this whale 00:02:26.320 --> 00:02:29.920 the body shape is kind of like  if you related it to a food 00:02:29.920 --> 00:02:32.400 would be like a cucumber or a pickle, 00:02:32.400 --> 00:02:35.440 so it's about two-thirds  of the length of the body, 00:02:35.440 --> 00:02:37.929 two-thirds of 45 is kids? 00:02:37.929 --> 00:02:43.600 30 feet, so I want you to draw the basic shape of the whale 00:02:44.800 --> 00:02:46.480 coming like that. 00:02:46.480 --> 00:02:51.600 Okay that's your basic  shape of your whale 30 feet. 00:02:51.600 --> 00:02:55.200 Now we have to think about  different parts of this whale, 00:02:55.200 --> 00:02:59.520 let's take the tail first and the  tail is also called the fluke. 00:02:59.520 --> 00:03:03.440 Now the fluke is equal to one  third the size of the body 00:03:03.440 --> 00:03:08.000 which would be 15 feet this  way and 15 feet that way, 00:03:08.000 --> 00:03:10.640 so tail's a little harder to  draw just do what you can, 00:03:10.640 --> 00:03:15.280 but try to fill up the entire  part of that drawing there 00:03:15.280 --> 00:03:16.480 that space 00:03:16.480 --> 00:03:20.880 so your tail is about 15  feet long , also big tail. 00:03:21.600 --> 00:03:23.200 The tail is very powerful. 00:03:25.440 --> 00:03:28.400 The tail also is where the scientists 00:03:28.400 --> 00:03:30.800 actually learn to recognize the whales. 00:03:31.520 --> 00:03:33.600 Each tail has a pattern on it. 00:03:33.600 --> 00:03:37.360 It's either a color or it's  an indentation of some kind 00:03:37.360 --> 00:03:40.240 and this represents each individual whale. 00:03:40.240 --> 00:03:42.560 It's like your own fingerprints. 00:03:42.560 --> 00:03:46.880 Your fingerprints identify who you  are they're separate on each whale. 00:03:46.880 --> 00:03:50.000 So the scientists go out, they  take a picture of these tails 00:03:50.560 --> 00:03:52.560 and they come back in they compare it 00:03:52.560 --> 00:03:54.800 to all the other pictures on their computers. 00:03:54.800 --> 00:03:58.080 They sit for hours to do this and  they see if they have a match. 00:03:58.080 --> 00:04:01.200 If they've never seen that  tail before then they know that 00:04:01.200 --> 00:04:05.040 that's a new whale at least  in our area of the world. 00:04:05.040 --> 00:04:09.680 So your tail needs to have a  little bit of a design on it. 00:04:10.480 --> 00:04:14.160 My tail is going to have circles on it. 00:04:15.440 --> 00:04:18.480 Mine's the circle whale, so my tails got 00:04:18.480 --> 00:04:22.640 that's how I'm identifying my  whale from the rest of them. 00:04:22.640 --> 00:04:26.800 Now, let's take a look at the mouth of the whale. 00:04:26.800 --> 00:04:28.960 Again guess how big the mouth is? 00:04:28.960 --> 00:04:35.440 It is one third the size of the  whole whale which is again 15 feet. 00:04:36.000 --> 00:04:38.560 So let's draw your mouth comes down like this, 00:04:39.360 --> 00:04:43.120 kind of goes like that and the eyeball  goes about a third of the way back 00:04:43.120 --> 00:04:47.520 and the eyeball is actually  the size of a grapefruit. 00:04:47.520 --> 00:04:52.080 So not terribly large when you think  about how big that whole whale is. 00:04:52.080 --> 00:04:56.320 Now the mouth is unique it has  what are called ventral pleats 00:04:56.320 --> 00:04:59.040 and this is kind of like a fan or an accordion, 00:04:59.600 --> 00:05:02.560 where these pleats that go  down under the lower jaw here 00:05:03.120 --> 00:05:05.840 allow that mouth to open way up, 00:05:05.840 --> 00:05:07.280 so this lower part of the mouth 00:05:07.280 --> 00:05:10.480 can come way down like this when it feeds. 00:05:10.480 --> 00:05:12.800 Again the mouth can open up way like this 00:05:13.520 --> 00:05:16.080 using those pleats that part of its body. 00:05:16.960 --> 00:05:20.720 Now a humpback whale does not have teeth. 00:05:20.720 --> 00:05:22.160 I think you guys all know that, 00:05:22.720 --> 00:05:27.600 instead it has what's called  baleen this is an example of baleen 00:05:27.600 --> 00:05:30.480 that was taken out of a whale  that had died up in Alaska. 00:05:31.600 --> 00:05:34.400 It's plates that these are  kind of like your fingernails 00:05:35.120 --> 00:05:36.240 and they are hard plates 00:05:36.240 --> 00:05:39.280 and they have these little  hairs on the edge of the plates 00:05:39.280 --> 00:05:41.280 now a lot of the hair has broken off of this 00:05:41.280 --> 00:05:44.800 they would have longer hairs on another whale 00:05:44.800 --> 00:05:46.640 on a real whale, a live whale. 00:05:46.640 --> 00:05:50.320 But what happens is when the  whale takes a big gulp of water, 00:05:51.120 --> 00:05:54.720 it traps all the little fish and the little krill, 00:05:54.720 --> 00:05:59.040 the little like shrimp like  things, on these actual hairs. 00:06:00.480 --> 00:06:02.800 It spits the water out of the mouth 00:06:02.800 --> 00:06:06.800 and then it takes its giant tongue,  which is kind of gross guys, 00:06:06.800 --> 00:06:08.720 it's like the size of a small car. 00:06:08.720 --> 00:06:11.440 Imagine having a small car in your mouth, 00:06:11.440 --> 00:06:15.360 it takes that huge tongue, it swirls it around 00:06:15.360 --> 00:06:19.520 and it pulls off all of the little  fish and krill off of these hairs 00:06:19.520 --> 00:06:22.000 and then it shoves it down the back of the throat. 00:06:22.000 --> 00:06:25.920 Now remember how big this whale is - 45 feet. 00:06:25.920 --> 00:06:29.040 The back of the throat is only about this big. 00:06:29.040 --> 00:06:33.440 It's about the size of a dryer  hose, not very big at all. 00:06:33.440 --> 00:06:35.760 Couldn't swallow you, couldn't swallow a shark, 00:06:35.760 --> 00:06:37.360 couldn't swallow big fish. 00:06:37.360 --> 00:06:39.280 It only eats little tiny things. 00:06:39.920 --> 00:06:43.920 Here's an example of krill, see if  you can actually see these or not, 00:06:43.920 --> 00:06:47.680 they're like little tiny shrimp you  can see the little eyeballs there, 00:06:47.680 --> 00:06:49.200 the little tiny shrimp. 00:06:49.200 --> 00:06:52.400 A humpback whale eats about a ton of these a day, 00:06:52.400 --> 00:06:56.960 so you can imagine if you've got  20,000 - 30,000 animals up in Alaska 00:06:56.960 --> 00:07:00.640 and trying to feed how much  food they would need to be able 00:07:00.640 --> 00:07:04.320 to producing up there for these  guys to eat and to survive. 00:07:05.040 --> 00:07:08.720 Okay now we've got the mouth,  we've got the baleen in there, 00:07:09.440 --> 00:07:12.960 the whale needs to move, it's got two pec fins. 00:07:12.960 --> 00:07:15.840 Again, guess how big they are 15 feet, 00:07:15.840 --> 00:07:17.920 again one third the size of the body, 00:07:17.920 --> 00:07:20.960 they start about one third  of the way back on the body, 00:07:20.960 --> 00:07:22.640 they come down like this, 00:07:22.640 --> 00:07:25.520 there's one in the front  there's one on the back side. 00:07:26.160 --> 00:07:29.680 They do not have they have  coloring on them but for no reason. 00:07:29.680 --> 00:07:32.560 They use these like you  would use your arms to swim 00:07:32.560 --> 00:07:35.200 and to move yourself to steer yourself around 00:07:35.200 --> 00:07:37.040 to go from one place to another. 00:07:37.040 --> 00:07:41.840 The strength of that whale is back  here in a muscle called the peduncle, 00:07:41.840 --> 00:07:42.960 right back in here. 00:07:42.960 --> 00:07:47.120 It's supposedly the strongest  muscle of any mammal in the world. 00:07:48.000 --> 00:07:49.280 Think of this humpback whale, 00:07:49.280 --> 00:07:51.040 for those of you that are out here in Hawai'i 00:07:51.040 --> 00:07:52.800 and have a chance to get out and see the whales, 00:07:52.800 --> 00:07:55.760 you've seen a breach that whale is lifting itself 00:07:55.760 --> 00:07:59.280 all the way out of the water,  doesn't do it with the pec fins 00:07:59.280 --> 00:08:02.080 it's doing it with this muscle that is down here. 00:08:02.080 --> 00:08:05.280 I want you guys to try this next  time you're in a swimming pool. 00:08:05.280 --> 00:08:08.080 Can you without kicking  off the bottom of the pool, 00:08:08.080 --> 00:08:10.560 make your body come up all  the way out of the water 00:08:10.560 --> 00:08:12.720 and then fall down like on a belly flop? 00:08:12.720 --> 00:08:13.920 I don't think so. 00:08:13.920 --> 00:08:16.080 Very very powerful, 45 tons. 00:08:16.080 --> 00:08:19.200 It's this peduncle muscle  back here that does that. 00:08:19.200 --> 00:08:21.600 All right now a couple more parts to the body 00:08:22.320 --> 00:08:26.720 one is a dorsal fin which is kind of insignificant 00:08:27.280 --> 00:08:29.040 doesn't do much for the whale, 00:08:29.040 --> 00:08:30.480 but they do have a dorsal fin. 00:08:31.200 --> 00:08:33.680 Then we also have blowholes. 00:08:34.240 --> 00:08:36.640 How many blowholes does a humpback whale have? 00:08:36.640 --> 00:08:40.320 Well a baleen whale, a baleen animal has two, 00:08:40.320 --> 00:08:41.600 so you've got two blowholes. 00:08:41.600 --> 00:08:45.280 There's one here, there's one  on the other side of the whale, 00:08:46.560 --> 00:08:49.200 where when you're out on the  water, you're sitting on the shore 00:08:49.200 --> 00:08:51.520 and you see that whoosh of  air come out like this?   00:08:52.080 --> 00:08:55.280 That you can be coming out  at about 300 miles an hour, 00:08:55.280 --> 00:08:57.520 imagine driving 300 miles down the road 00:08:59.120 --> 00:09:00.240 as you're going down the road, 00:09:00.240 --> 00:09:02.000 well this is how fast this is coming out 00:09:02.000 --> 00:09:04.080 it helps you to be able to see that, 00:09:04.080 --> 00:09:06.000 they are letting their air out through there, 00:09:07.120 --> 00:09:08.240 through those blow holes. 00:09:08.240 --> 00:09:09.760 A toothed whale like a dolphin, 00:09:09.760 --> 00:09:12.320 only has one blowhole so that's the difference. 00:09:12.320 --> 00:09:14.480 Now a humpback whale is a mammal 00:09:14.480 --> 00:09:17.680 think for a minute about what  does it take to be a mammal. 00:09:17.680 --> 00:09:19.440 Number one you breathe air, 00:09:19.440 --> 00:09:22.560 we know they come to the  surface about every 15 minutes, 00:09:22.560 --> 00:09:25.840 an adult whale will come to the  surface, take a breath of air. 00:09:25.840 --> 00:09:29.440 A baby is longer, a shorter  time depending on how big 00:09:29.440 --> 00:09:33.200 it is its lungs aren't big  enough yet so it breathes air. 00:09:33.200 --> 00:09:36.320 It gives live birth the mother produces milk, 00:09:36.320 --> 00:09:39.040 she produces about a hundred  gallons of milk a day, 00:09:39.040 --> 00:09:40.960 if you can imagine to feed that baby. 00:09:41.600 --> 00:09:43.120 It also has hair. 00:09:43.840 --> 00:09:45.440 Where's the hair in the humpback whale? 00:09:45.440 --> 00:09:47.680 It's not on that baleen that's there 00:09:47.680 --> 00:09:50.400 but a whale has what are called tubercles, 00:09:51.040 --> 00:09:54.880 which are kind of a giant wart  kind of things on the front 00:09:54.880 --> 00:09:56.320 end of the rostrum here, 00:09:56.960 --> 00:10:00.880 so you've got these tubercles 00:10:00.880 --> 00:10:04.160 and each one has a little hair coming out of it. 00:10:05.200 --> 00:10:07.120 Don't know what that hair does, 00:10:07.120 --> 00:10:09.200 they have no idea for sure, 00:10:09.200 --> 00:10:13.280 think that maybe it's used for  some kind of sensing that is there, 00:10:13.920 --> 00:10:15.600 again the humpback whale, think about it, 00:10:15.600 --> 00:10:18.240 is really hard for researchers to study 00:10:18.240 --> 00:10:21.760 humpback whales are too big  they cannot go into captivity, 00:10:21.760 --> 00:10:24.480 all the research needs to  be done either from shore 00:10:24.480 --> 00:10:26.320 or underwater with special permits, 00:10:26.880 --> 00:10:29.360 so it's amazing what they have learned about it. 00:10:31.280 --> 00:10:34.240 One question here for you  is why is a humpback whale 00:10:34.240 --> 00:10:35.360 called a humpback whale? 00:10:35.920 --> 00:10:39.600 Well, when it dives down it swims  along the surface like this, 00:10:39.600 --> 00:10:42.240 when it gets ready to dive down underwater, 00:10:42.240 --> 00:10:45.120 it humps its back and it goes down underwater. 00:10:45.120 --> 00:10:46.960 It's not that it has a humpback, 00:10:46.960 --> 00:10:49.520 it's not like a camel doesn't  really have a hump there 00:10:49.520 --> 00:10:53.680 but it's when it dives down under  water and goes underwater to swim off. 00:10:54.560 --> 00:10:58.160 So your lesson for today hope you join us again 00:10:58.160 --> 00:11:00.800 go back draw another whale and  put it on your refrigerator 00:11:00.800 --> 00:11:02.160 so you remember about this. 00:11:02.160 --> 00:11:07.120 Thank you